Endometriosis is one of the many gynecological diseases that becomes a serious obstacle to conception. It is a mass in the uterine cavity outside the uterus or even on other organs (such as the intestines or the bladder). These masses are nodules composed of tissue similar in nature to the endometrium (the inner layer of the uterus).
They can be both individual cells and confluent outgrowths of different shapes. Their development is often accompanied by inflammation, and they themselves have fluid and adhesions.
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Causes
If the body works normally, then every month the endometrium inside the uterus peels off and comes out with the blood to give rise to a new cycle. But sometimes the endometrial tissue gets back with the blood stream, stays in the fallopian tubes and begins to proliferate.
Until now, the exact causes of such a disease are unknown. There are only factors that increase the risk of developing endometriosis:
- Surgical interventions (abortions, curettage, cauterization of erosions);
- Congenital abnormalities that interfere with blood flow;
- Mechanical factors, such as sports and sex during the critical days;
- Hormonal disorders;
- Autoimmune diseases.
Particularly during menopause in women, endometriosis usually goes away as the cysts consisting of the endometrium shrink.
Symptoms
Endometriosis has quite pronounced symptoms: it is expressed in sharp pain during menstruation, defecation and during sex. Bleeding between cycles is common. However, it happens that endometriosis is asymptomatic and remains undetected and untreated, and consequently leads to infertility.
Diagnosis
To diagnose endometriosis, you must first undergo examination by a gynaecologist. Then, if necessary, produce a transvaginal ultrasound, MRI, as well as studies to detect the CA125 oncomarker. A laparoscopy (examination of the uterine tissue without major surgery) is also performed.
Treatment
It is not possible to completely get rid of endometriosis, but there are many treatment options. For example, surgery, hormonal therapy, or a combination of these methods may be required (depending on the severity of the disease). If there is significant bleeding, hormone therapy is prescribed to reduce estrogen production.
Surgery is performed without serious incisions – modern microsurgery allows you to minimize the interference in your body, and therefore, complications.
However, in its initial stages, endometriosis is easy to treat, so it is important to consult a doctor immediately at the slightest sign. It is also important to have regular examinations at the gynecologist and observe all changes in the internal organs.
And, of course, for women’s health is very important to correct lifestyle: abuse of alcohol and smoking, poor diet and environmentally polluted areas of residence significantly increases the risk of diseases of the genital system.
